1 Transcriptional Regulation 
1 
 3 Activators-bind enhancer elements 
Transcriptional Control—by Transcription Factors (DNA-binding proteins) Activators-bind enhancer elements Repressors-bind repressor elements (or ‘operator elements’, or ‘operators’ in bacteria) 3 
 4 Prokaryotic ‘Operons’ 
examples 4 
 5 Trp Operon-Biosynthesis 
-10 -35 5 
 8 Lac Operon-Catabolism 
8 
 10 Lactose ON -35 -10 10 
 11 Lactose ON -35 -10 -10 -35 11 
 13 In the absence of glucose…. 
cAMP 13 
 18 Combinatorial Control of Gene Expression 
18 
 22 induced Pluripotent Stem cell 
21 
 24 Regulatory protein 1 Off